Treatment with a vaccine.
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A substance or group of substances meant to cause the immune system to respond to a tumor or to microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. A vaccine can help the body recognize and destroy cancer cells or microorganisms.
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A substance added to a vaccine to improve the immune response so that less vaccine is needed.
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A cancer vaccine containing the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene.
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(vah-JYE-na)
The muscular canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body. Also called the birth canal.
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Having to do with the vagina (the birth canal).
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A substance that is being studied as a treatment for pain and other side effects of cancer therapy. It belongs to the family of drugs called COX-2 inhibitors.
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An antiviral agent that is being studied as a treatment for AIDS-related cytomegalovirus. It is changed in the body to ganciclovir.
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An antibiotic drug used to fight resistant bacterial infections.
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A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the familyof drugs called somatostatin analogs.
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A coiled tube that carries the sperm out of the testes.
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VEGF. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation.
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(vas-EK-toe-mee)
An operation to cut or tie off the two tubes that carry sperm out of the testicles.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor. A substance made by cells that stimulates new blood vessel formation.
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An antidepressant drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of hot flashes in women who have breast cancer.
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(VEN-trih-kulz)
Fluid-filled cavities in the heart or brain.
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Surgery that is aided by the use of a video camera that projects and enlarges the image on a television screen. Also called video-assisted surgery.
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Surgery that is aided by the use of a video camera that projects and enlarges the image on a television screen. Also called video-assisted resection.
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids. It is a mitotic inhibitor.
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Anticancer drugs that inhibit cancer cell growth by stopping cell division. They are also called antimitotic or antimicrotubule agents, or mitotic inhibitors.
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids.
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids.
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An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of plant drugs called vinca alkaloids.
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(VYE-nil KLO-ride)
A substance used in manufacturing plastics. Exposure to vinyl chloride may increase the risk of liver, brain, and lung cancers; lymphoma; and leukemia.
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Having to do with a virus.
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A type of virus used in cancer therapy. The virus is changed in the laboratory and cannot cause disease. Viral vectors produce tumor antigens (proteins found on a tumor cell) and can stimulate an antitumor immune response in the body. Viral vectors may also be used to carry genes that can change cancer cells back to normal cells.
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A method under study to examine the colon by taking a series of x-rays (called a CT scan) and then using a high-powered computer to reconstruct 2-D and 3-D pictures of the interior surfaces of the colon from these x-rays. The pictures can be saved, manipulated to better viewing angles, and reviewed after the procedure, even years later. Also called computed tomography colography.
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The ability of a microorganism to cause damage to its host.
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(VYE-rus)
A microorganism that can infect cells and cause disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells.
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The reproduction cycle of viruses. A replication cycle begins with the infection of a host cell and ends with the release of mature progeny virus particles.
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An antibody that binds to a virus and interferes with its ability to infect a cell.
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The soft internal organs of the body, including the lungs, the heart, and the organs of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems.
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A member of a group of small proteins produced by mistletoe plants that are able to kill cells and may stimulate the immune system.
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A rare, slow-growing tumor of the eye.
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Necessary to maintain life. Breathing is a vital function.
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A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called retinoids.
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A substance used in cancer prevention. It belongs to the family of drugs called tocopherols.
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A substance that promotes the clotting of blood.
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Key nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to grow and stay strong. Examples are vitamins A, C, and E.
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A genetically modified Salmonella bacterium that is injected into the tumor. It is being studied for its ability to shrink solid tumors.
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A substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
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Two small bands of muscle within the larynx that vibrate to produce the voice.
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A rare inherited disorder in which blood vessels grow abnormally in the eyes, brain, spinal cord, adrenal glands, or other parts of the body. People with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome have a higher risk of developing some types of cancer.
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A drug that treats infections caused by fungi.
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A hormone therapy drug used to decrease the production of estrogen.
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The external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina.
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Cancer of the vulva (the external female genital organs, including the clitoris, vaginal lips, and the opening to the vagina).
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A drug being studied to make cancer cells less resistant to the effects of chemotherapy.
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A drug being studied to make cancer cells less resistant to the effects of chemotherapy.
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